Over the past four decades, increasing forecast emphasis has come to be placed on the potential importance of different sectors and their contribution to the sustainable growth of the Nigerian economy. A more common strand of research is existing studies that consider the resource curse hypothesis to show empirically, the actual relationship between natural resources and economic growth. However, these studies have looked at various resource endowment especially oil and metals, with just a few focusing on the non-oil export sector. A preliminary graphical study of the contribution of the non-oil sector to Nigeria’s GDP shows that over time, the linkage of non-oil export to the economic growth has been low (less than 20%). Hence, this study will analyze the long-run relationship and also the importance of both oil and non-oil exportation and their impact to sustainable economic growth. The model introduced in this article uses the time series data for non-oil export, oil export, alongside other macroeconomic variables on gross domestic product (GDP). In order to adequately investigate the long-run relationship, statistical forecast was adopted to project the data for future years and thereafter econometric method was adopted to validate the projected data and analyze the direction of causality between the sectors (oil and non-oil) export and economic growth. The result reveals the possible short and long run interaction amidst sectors’ export and economic growth, based on the different tests conducted, in order to recommend policies aimed at boosting the level and significance of the sectors’ export.

We establish a relationship between general constrained pseudoconvex optimization problems and globally projected dynamical systems. A corresponding novel neural network model, which is globally convergent and stable in the sense of Lyapunov, is proposed. Both theoretical and numerical approaches are considered. Numerical simulations for three constrained nonlinear optimization problems are given to show that the numerical behaviors are in good agreement with the theoretical results.

In this paper, we study Projected non-stationary Simultaneous It-erative Reconstruction Techniques (P-SIRT). Based on algorithmic op-erators, convergence result are adjusted with Opial’ s Theorem. The advantages of P-SIRT are demonstrated on examples taken from to-mographic imaging.

The neoclassical growth model is tested by use of panel data procedure in this research. In the econometric test, simoultanously time series and cross detection will be compared on the basis of panel data method through which their observed points increase and consequently the estimation efficiency will be increased. The examination of neoclassical growth theory has been done with reference to external & internal factors of 52 selected countries from 1960 to 2000. The independent variable of model has been selected on the basis of the result of previous research which explains the result in three separate models: developed countries, developing countries, and whole countries. These factors are such as: Gross National Products with lag of period, work force age, growth rate, education level, the change of capital accumulation and economic trade volum. The consequences of this research is that: neoclassical growth model can explain the major part of economic growth of the countries with use of internal variables. Also with the use of panel procedure of fixed effect, we can see the fundamental differences and structure of the growth process for different countries; and show how the economic, and social conditions affect on the growth.

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In this study, the nuclear properties of odd-even dysprosium isotopes (157Dy, 159Dy, 161Dy, 163Dy) were investigated using the Projected Shell Model (PSM). The Yrast spectra, the staggering of energy differences between consecutive spin states (ΔE = E(I) - E(I-1)), and the reduced electromagnetic transition probabilities (B(M1)/ B(E2)) were calculated for these isotopes and compared with experimental data. The results indicate a reduction in the amplitude of the staggering behavior with increasing neutron number, attributed to the neutron orbitals moving further from the Fermi level. The PSM calculations show good agreement with experimental data, confirming the accuracy of this model in analyzing the structure of deformed nuclei. This study provides deeper insights into the rotational dynamics and nucleonic interactions in odd-even nuclei.